Social Sceinces Notes

Observer effect- person involved in the study is aware that they are being watched and they alter their behavior

did it occur with Stanford prison Ex. ?

Deal with this:

Hide the goal of the study

Ethical considerations?

hidden cameras

habituation can you see human actions objectively?

prediction? seeing as/believing as

Karl Popper

Falsifiability

attempt to falsify

Connections in TOK of Works Studied

I do think that these are all connected in the fact that it deals with how humans act when placed in 'evil' situations. All of these references describe how humans are influenced by each other. In the Stanford prison experiment the students claimed afterwards how they would have normally not preformed any of the tasks upon the prisoners like they did in the experiment. Brave New World also shows how humans are influenced by each other. Same with the idea of the cave, also with 18 with a bullet, and the wire. In these everyone knows their place and does not fight it. This can be connected to Hinduism also with the idea of the Caste system, and the idea of darama. All of these people are prisoners, since they are trapped in the reality that society has created around them, and the illusion it creates.

BNW -> CAVE: lenian sees shadow.

Grendel-> 18 w/ A Bullet: Ideas of monsters vs. human qualities. what is a monster?

SOCIAL SCIENCES

2.nat-sci: can replicate experiment but you can

able states impossble for any 2 cent. of h20 to be the same. and tests can be done humans.

3.Nat-sci: can isolate what the hypothesis is attempting to test. But in soc. sci there are to many variables.

but in nat-science they ignore certain aspects of an experiment- they don't isolate every variable.

4. Nat-Sci can predict/accuracy -soc sci cant predict

soc sci -predict about the pope

5. Certain constants in the natural science

able- were all gonna die, except Tyler

6. Humans have past experience that effect and alter thier behavior

9.soc sci aren't reliable because prediction can influence the reslt, self fulfilling/ defeating prophecey.

any human conducting a result

10. Nat science are indifferent to subject matter, but in soc. science are value ridden.

Nat sci deals with ethical & moral issies pol& sci are insperable

Able Chpater 11 Paragraph 10

The natural scientist may be indifferent to his/her subject matter. However a person is hardly detached from the investigation of things like birth control, socialism, sexual freedom, crime, drugs, pornography, and so on. Social sciences are overrun with values. Auguste Comte had the hope of "science of society" which would distinguish the difference between of whether or not something should be done from how to do something.

a) Issues in social sciences may pose ethical considerations, however so does issues in the natural sciences. The both involve moral questions.

b) Judgement of the social scientist may be affected by his/her intrests, however bias does occur in natural sciences as well. [examples: Nazi opposition to relativity physics, Soviet advocacy of Lysenkoism] "Biases may be made explicit and compensated for; scientific procedures are self corrective."

C)

Hommies Notes

Why does slappy act in this way?

• Disfunctional family
• Gang has replaced family/church

Structure:

-look out for eachother

-rules and morals

- protection

-Belonging-here

-Contribute to the cause

-JOB - Drugs, Extortion

-Initiation

-Tattos

-Shaved head

-Beatings

-Participate in Democracy

CRIME:

-No jobs/poverty ->not hiring->added expenses

-Need to get $

-No advancement

-Need for structure

-Gang

Social Aspects: -> Can't measure human experience.

Too many human variables

Every person experiences differently

pt. of view

people aren't numbers

hard to find qualitative conclusions

opinions

Able 15

1. Why is history being rewritten constantly?

History is constantly being rewritten not only because of new facts being found but because of the view that 'history is always written wrong'. With new facts we are presented with new interpretations. Even if new facts aren't presented in a situation different interpretations and reconstruction will appear because of the different views we have on life in comparison to those of the past. "Stories about the dead are inspired by the curiosity of the living."

2. What factors influence the process by which the historian picks and chooses his/her "facts"? Please provide a specific example for each factor.

1. Our interests change: Things that in the past may or may not be interesting to us any more. In the past we may have been more interested in European History, however now Middle East History is what has our curiosity because of the situations in the world today.

2.Our conceptual apparatus changes: We have different physiological views like the Marxist hypothesis, and the Freudian views.

3.Our View of the basic historical segment changes: Many different people from different times periods would disagree on which piece of history is the most important.

4.The 'personal equation' (interests and idiosyncrasies) of the historian changes.

5.The audience for whom he writes changes: this could change his selection and or organizatino

3. What is the "Baconian fallacy?"What would the Positivists think? Would Carr agree with Namier?

The "Baconian Fallacy" is the idea that "all the historians have to do is to collect the facts." (pg 166). The positivists would directly agree with this idea because they believe that history should be taken as a science. That it should not have any influence of bias or perception. Carr would not agree with this statement. Carr believed that historical facts are only useful when they are perceived and interpreted.

4. How does History differ from Geology?

"History differs from Geology in that the historian attributes meaning to his data." pg. 166 Geology is as it is. You can't change it through perception. A mountain is going to be there whether or not you see it as being there or not. However history is facts that can be interpreted and placed together however its interpreter wishes

5. According to Abel: "The patterns to be found in past events are selected by the historian; like the hypothesis of the scientist, they may be suggested, but are neither imposed nor dictated, by "the facts (p. 166-7)." Based on your experience with the Cheques Lab, how far do you agree with this explanation of history?

I was absent on the day of Cheques Lab. However based on what I have heard in class i do agree with this statement. As humans we are drawn to create patterns so that we can better justify our interpretations to fit what we perceive to be right.

6. In your opinion, "how will future historians so elect to describe what is going on now(p. 167)?"

I think we are going to be described as the age of overly outward and slightly paranoid tactics. First there is the war on terrorism, the huge go green actions, the constant commercials on TV for underprivileged children in other countries, and the over reactions to the Swine Flu. The stance on going green and Swine Flu is that if it is not gonna be fixed now, well its bad, who knows what will happen. Also I think that many of the things that seem extremely important now will go unnoticed, and deemed as unimportant in the future.

7. What is historical pluralism?

Historical Pluralism is the large amounts of events that make up larger components that don't necessarily connect and become inter-related. They "[deny] that every event is related to every other event." pg.168

8. The list of events (or non-events) listed on p. 168 makes Abel ask the question: "Is there, then, no hard core or bed-rock of indisputable facts that the historian must recognize." Does it matter if there ever was a man named Trotsky

It does not matter that there was a man named Trostsky. All that really does matter is what occurred based off of his decisions. It could have been any other man that made the same decisions and it would not have happened. Or, even though it is impossible to know this, there is always possibility that what happened to the people surrounding him could have still happened with out his influence.

9. How is a historian like a physicist?

In History just like physics because there will always be out lying variables that will never be known. It is impossible to know everything about both. Also both have to go "beyond the evidence" to explain the results that have occurred to connect them their ultimate results. Also both have to select certain facts and present them in the best way that they felt they are able to describe them.

10. What are the Five Frameworks or Hypotheses of History? Please provide an example from your HL or SL history class of each.

1. Ecclesiastes: Everything gets repeated. Like the treatment towards the Jewish people in the nations that they have lived in.

2. Functional: the idea that some things are isolated and others are stressed. Like race and cultural differences. This can be related to the difference between the Jews and Arabs in Palestine, which is what is greatly focused on when discussing the Palestine Mandate.

3. Progress:The idea that history is fairly new

4. Christian View: History is a drama of sin and redemption

5. Living Organisms:all cultures are 'organically' related.

11. Do you believe in Historical Inevitability?

I do not believe in Historical Inevitability. it is the idea that history has a plot. That people could figure out every historical fact there was to know and could somehow figure out the future events. This cannot be true because people do not act according to plan. Also there is the problem of piecing together these 'plot events' there is no way that human perception would not play a role in this. Hindering any possibilities to correctly view the outcome of anything correctly.

12. What does Abel mean when he says: "No crucial experiment can test the validity of a theory of history, any more than than it can the truth of a metaphysical theory (p. 174)."?

Able is trying to tell us that there is no way to verify history, or any philosophies that come from it. Historical events can not be repeated in exact replica ever so it is impossible to test any of the theories that it has created.

13. Abel writes: "Macaulay regards history as a branch of literature (p. 174)." How would Jill Lepore of Just the Facts, Ma'am respond? Please provide to specific quote from the article to justify your claim.

I dont remember

14. How does the footnote at the bottom of page 175 relate to the Shaper from Grendel?

The footnote at the bottom of the pg at 175 relates to the shaper because it is giving different ideats and views of the past. All of these different views depends on who it is being shared to. Just as the shaper does, he changes the interpretation on events based on who he is telling these stories to.

Brave New World Chapter 6

Part I
1. Why does Lenina think Bernard Marx "odd" - please use specific references from this chapter in your answer.
She found it odd that he wanted to do things in private, she could not understand that there were things that could be done in private. When she suggested that they go for a swim then out to dinner he stated that there would be to much of a crows. Also when she suggested Electromagnetic Golf he said that it was a waste of time. Her response was "then what is time for?". He wanted to go on a walk in the Lake District, to be alone to talk. She found this idea of being alone and talking extremely odd. She ended up persuading him to see the Semi-Demi-Finals of the Women's Heavyweight Wrestling Championship, however he was not happy about this since it meant being in a crowd. He wouldn't talk to Lenina's friends nor would he take any soma. "id rather be myself"

2. Please provide more lines from Lenina that she learned from hypnopedia (there are some great ones in this chapter!). Do any of them remind you of sayings that we may use - please don't use commercial jingles. i.e. "1-800-54-Giant!"
"A gramme in time saves nine" "Remember one cubic centimetre cures ten gloomy sentiments" "A gramme is always better than a damn." "After all, everyone works for every one else. We can't do without any one. Even Epsilons..." "Everyone is happy nowadays" "never put it off till to-morrow the fun you can have today" "when the individual feels, the community reels." "our ford loved infants". The quotes about the soma reminds me of the saying 'an apple a day keeps the doctor away' both are telling us that eating a certain thing will keep us happier.
3. What is Fanny's explanation for Bernard's behavior?
Fannys explanation was the extra alcohol they put in his surrogate.
Part II
4. What did the Director tell Bernard about his own trip to the Reservation? Why did it initially make Bernard feel uncomfortable?
The director told Bernard about how once he had the same idea as him and had taken a girl to see the savages. However while he was sleeping the girl vanished and after a huge search he was unable to find her. It made Bernard feel uncomfortable because the Director was talking about his past, and that is something that is normally not done in this society. Also it made him uncomfortable because he did not picture the director to be someone who would 'commit so gross a solecism'.
5. What does the Director threaten Bernard with if he doesn't change his behavior? Why does it elate Bernard?
The director threatens Bernard that if he does not stop acting so emotional he will be sent to a Sub-Centre most likely in Iceland. However this leaves Bernard elated because he has been reconized as an individual.
Part III
6. How does the Warden describe the Reservation?

The warden describes the reservation as having large electric fences surrounding the outside of it. The warden also goes into explanation about how people are born in the reservation and how that is a revolting fact. The Warden states that there is no way to know how many people are living in there at the time, but they can only guess. It is described as having infections diseases, ferocious animals, and venomous lizards. The whole time the Warden is describing the reservation It is described as being inhabitant by people who are savages, and everything is described as gross or in a derogatory term.

Brave New World Chapter 5

1. What would Michael Pollan (Remember? The Omnivore's Dilemma) say about the first paragraph in Chapter 5?

Michael Pollen would say that the World State was trying to get rid of the issues of the Omnivore's Dilemma by having the 'Internal and External Secretion Trust' was deciding what the people were eating. Since the buildings name has trust in it you can deduce that the people in the World State trust what ever this building produces. Since it is taking in cattle to used for their hormones for milk and their raw materials. There materials are then processed in the factory at Farnham Royal. The society does not seem to have any play or interest in this act. This gives the reader the impression that they just accept what is given to them to eat. The way it is written almost makes the meat of the cow seem unimportant, since it is just compared to 'raw materials'. Michael Pollen would look at this as that they do not have a huge abundance of food in from of them to chose, and that healthy food is already laid out in front of them.
2. Do you see any similarities with World State views death as compared to the Hindus? How does Lenina's remembrance of hypopedia compare with Plato's Republic?

The world state uses crematoriums in order to create 'phosphorus recovery from the bodies. This way peoples bodies are useful in making plants grow after they are gone. "Fine to think we can go on being socially useful even after we're dead. Making plants grow" Henry says this and it is similar to the Hindu idea of being reborn, and having a purpose in the existing world after death. Also they do not fear death and just see it as a cycle. Lenina remembers one night when she woke up to the sleepers talking in her ear and she realized that she was under the influence of these things but there was nothing she could do about it. This connects to Plato's republic because of the cave idea in which the people are 'whispered' thoughts while they are all chained down and viewing certain things. Here the people are not chained down but they are asleep, making them just as unable to respond or react as if they were chained down.
3. What do you think of Lenina's and Henry night out on the town?

I found their night to be extremely odd. It want odd because they went to listen to music, but it was odd because they went there just to feel. It created a fake atmosphere that took them further away from their reality. "But Lenian and Henry had what they always wanted...They were inside, here and now-safely inside with the fine weather, the perennially blue sky." Their night wasn't a night to experience something new or get to know each other better but just to be lost in a 'somma holiday' in which they would have further detachment from real feelings.
4. Why do you think Huxley uses the word "pneumatic" to refer to some female characters?

He uses this to refer to them as machine like and having no feelings.
5. What is Solitary Service and what are Bernard's feelings towards it?

Solitary Service is when a group of people come together to 'worship' Ford and wait for his coming. It is also a giant orgy where they all take soma and 'become one'. Bernard does not really like it. Hes sees it as an obligation rather than something he would enjoy doing. He fakes hearing Ford and the whole time he can only focus on the girls unibrow rather than the ceremony. Afterwards he does not feel connected and whole like everyone else, but instead he feels lonely and empty.

Nacirema

1. What happened yesterday? Why couldn't we recognize our own culture?

Yesterday we read the Nacirema article. This article was a description of our American culture based off of what would be an outsiders view if they were totally unaware of anything American. I had read this article previously to this class and so I had a different reaction then the rest of the class. However the first time I had read this I found the culture very very strange and defiantly did not realize it was our own. Since it was presented in a different way that we would normally view our culture we were unable to recognize it. The wording and different views of how our normal day activities are presented us made us look at the culture as if it was privative.

2. What does your answser say about the the strengths and weaknesses of the Social Sciences like Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology?

My answer shows that there is a huge amount of weakness to anthropology. By not being used to something the anthropologist in the situation has a personal bias of seeing the situations as odd and abnormal.

Brave New World #4

Part 1
1. What puzzles Lenina about Bernard Marx's behavior?

Bernard Marx was very puzzled about Lenna's behavior because she was so forward about the whole arrangement. He had asked her so many times and had only ended up being rejected. She had come up to him in a public place and accepted his offer out loud, louder enough for the surrounding people to hear, making it public. It upset him that she made it such a public event. She also did not understand his behavior "he couldn't of been more upset if i'd made a dirty joke, he asked him who his mother was, or something like that."

2. Please provide examples of Lenina using what she learned from hypnopaedia.

"What a hideous color khaki is"

"I'm glad I'm not a gama."

3. Where are Lenina and Henry going?

Lenina and Henry are going to StokesPoges to play obstacle golf. Its their form of a date.

Part 2:
1. What makes Bernard Marx distressed? Why?

"Those who ment well behaved in a same way as those who ment badly." (pg 65) Bernard Marx is upset over the fact that everyone acts exactly the same as everyone else. He does not like the fact that nobody has any individuality to them. It distresses him because them is no emotion to anything, no real feeling, nothing for him to connect to. He is also distressed over the fact that Lenina is constantly referred to like a piece of meat. This distresses him because it is just another example of how people are not treated like people but rather as something to own or to have.

2. Where does Helmholtz Watson work? What is his job?

Helmholtz Watson works at the College of Emotional engineering. He works as a lecturer. He also works as an Emotional Engineer.

3. What does Bernard have in common with Helmholtz Watson?

Both Bernard and Helmholtz were born as individuals. They are looked at as different from the rest of society. Helmholtz was born with some sort of mental excess, while Bernard was born with a physical defect, he is shorter then the norm. Both seem to view the world differently, Helmholtz feels as though something is wrong, and he has something to say but does not know how. Bernard does not like the way society is set up, but can not place his frustration clearly.
4. What is troubling Helmholtz?

Helmholtz feels as though he has something to say, and the power to say it, but he does not know what it is he needs to say. He wants to be more violent, more real, and have more importance to his life. He wants to find a way to write with piercing words but can not figure out how to say something about nothing.

Brand New World #3

In Chapter 3, we begin to learn about how the World State. Please explain how the following areas are different in the World State as compared to our world in 2009.

A) Sex, Monogamy & Romance

In the World State it is socially acceptable for little kids to involve them selfs in sexual activity, modern day these things would not be allowed, and extremely frowned upon. In the World State these 'games' are just looked upon as normal childs play, while childs play to us would be playground play, barbies, or sports. Dating is really open, to the point that it is encouraged to be with more then one person at once. There is no Monogamy and Romance, one of their proverbs is 'every one belongs to everyone else.'
B) Sports

There was no sports introduced in this chapter. In fact when the children are playing in the beginning of the chapter the people found it weird that children used to amuse themselves with sports like they do now.
C) Entertainment

All entertainment is in forms of 'dating' or flying or 'obstacle golf', things like reading for fun are frowned upon. Entertainment now has many many forms including reading and sports.
D) Parenthood

The children did not live with their families, they couldn't imagine what is was like to live with a mother or farther. "Try to realize what it was like to have a viviparous mother." "try to imagine what 'living with one's family' meant." When asked what a home was none of the people could respond. This is extremely different from life in our world. Not only are most children raised by their own parents (or some type of parent like guardianship) but family time is something is extremely important now a days. Constantly on TV is their ads for having 'family game nights' or making sure to have a sit down family meal. Also anybody could define what a home is.
E) Materialism

"I do love new clothes" is whispered in their ears by the sleepers, materialism is extremely huge and is how they live their lives. "Ending is better then mending. The more stitches, the less riches." "...compelled to consume so much a year. In the interests of the industry." Materialism leads their life. People are thought of as 'belonging to each other.' In our world today people are defiantly materialistic but not to the point that it defines us, nor to the point that we classify other people as belonging to eachother
F) Religion

The believe in Ford. He is like their version of God, but not a holy or spiritual figure, and is the only version their is. They have never even heard of Christianity, they do not have a God. They do not believe in heaven, and have never heard about it before. They also did not have an idea of the concept of the soul or imortality
G) Intoxicants

Pregnancy substitutes are something every women takes and they have a "regulation supply". They do not drink much alcohol. However they have this intoxicant called somma, which apparently gives the effects of alcohol without the after effects. In our world 'pregnancy subsitues' are used but not required. Also there is no such thing as soma, and alcohol is greatly used.


Finally, to the best of your ability, provide a brief history (a paragraph) of how the World State came to be.

The world state was founded by T. Ford. It was founded based off of the idea that society should be stable. The DHC hid all books, any thing religious, or anything that would give people new ideas. This way no one would question the way things were, creating social stability. Social stability is the main goal of the World State.

Brave New World #2

1. How do babies sent to the Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning Rooms develop an "instinctive hatred of books and flowers?" Why were Deltas exposed to such treatment?

Babies sent to the Neo-Pavlovian Conditioning Rooms develop and instinctive hatred of books and flowers by placing them in a room that had lots of flowers and books placed in it. It was also a well lit room with a window that the room let in a lot of sunlight. The babies were placed in this room. They then noticed the flowers and books and went towards them excitedly. They all then received a mild electric shock. The babies now connect these things to pain, and would want nothing to do with them. The Deltas are exposed to this treatment because if they spend their time reading books it is considered a waste of the communities time. "you couldn't have lower-caste people wasting the Community's time over books, and that there was always the risk of their reading something which might undesirably decondition one of their reflexes." . In the past Dela's had been conditioned to like flowers in order to let them have the desire to view the country. However this need to view the country became to great of a need and thats all they did. So now they decondition the Deltas from this.
2. What is a State Conditioning Center? Does it remind you of anything from Plato's Republic?

The State Conditioning Center is where the children are raised. When they are there and they go to sleep the 'sleepers' whisper things to them. This limit their views and teaches them how to view the world. For example Alphas are whispered different things then the Betas, which helps to separate them in society. This process tends to eliminate any free thinking. This reminds me of the cave idea in Plato's Republic, and how the people in the cave are only shown certain things. They are taught everything from an outside source by a puppet show.
3. What is hypnopaedia? Why wasn't it used for Science? What was it used for? Does it remind you of anything from Plato's Republic?

Hypnopaedia is the idea of sleep teaching. It wasn' t effect in the use of science because the children would merely repeat what they had heard in their sleep with no understanding or concept of it. "You can't learn a science unless you know what it's all about." It ended up being used for moral education. Instead of just stating facts the sleepers would act like a conscious and state the views that the children should have and why. This also reminds me of the cave idea from Plato's republic.
4. How does the Caste system work in the World State? What are the similarities and differences between this and the Hindu Caste system?

Like the Caste system in the World State in the Hindu Caste system it is something you are 'born' into. When the eggs are produced in the World State they are specifically designed so that they will fit into their Caste and will have no other want to be in another Caste. Similarly in Hinduism the people accept what they are placed in because of how the way society is set up. Also in both societies the other Castes are accepted by each other, and the system is accepted as being the best way for society to function. The Hindu Caste system has more levels to it then the World State does. Also Hindu people believe in the idea of reincarnation, and they think that their Caste may change in a different life. Since the people of the World State do not believe in this they only feel that they can be what they are determined to be and nothing else.
5. What does the Director mean when he says, "Not so much like drops of water....rather, drops of liquid sealing wax."?

When the Director says that he is talking about how the sleepers effect the children's brains. He uses the metaphor of granite in comparison of the children brains, water (or the Hypnopaedia system) would only create an imprint in the child's brain, but not enough to effect its thinking or actually 'stick'. However the wax (or the idea of moral sleep teaching) sticks to the child's mind and molds with it becoming part of it. This way it becomes a part of them. Just as wax does unlike water when it is combined to any substance.

Brand New World #1

1. What is the World State's Motto?

Community, Identity, Stability
2. Please describe Bokanovsky's Process. Why does The Director call it the "major instrument of social stability?"

The Bokanovsky's Process is a type of egg that will bud, proliofaye, then divide into a range of 8-96 buds. So ninety-six adults will grow out of what would have normally only produced one adult. This is done by a series of arrests of development. The eggs would have to go through processes of x-rays, chilling, and alcohol. The director calls it the 'major instrument of social stability' because now there can be 96 identical people doing 96 identical jobs. Creating the same people, not having any differences in society to worry about.

3. Why did the doctor wish to keep the Epsilon "embryo below par?"

The doctor wants to keep the Epsilon embryo below par because all people have their set place in society. Since the Epsilon is lower then the Alphas in society they should not have the same abilities as them so that they do not try to 'break the ranks'. "Hasn't it occurred to you that an Epsilon embryo must have an Epsilon environment as well as an Epsilon heredity?"

4. What does Mr. Foster mean when he says: "We condition them to thrive in heat...that is the secret of happiness of virtue - liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their unescapable social destiny."? How does this connect to what is happening in Rack 10?

Mr. Foster means that they introduce elements to the embryos that they will have to experience in the life they are pre-determined to lead. By introducing them to these things it will automatically make them feel comfortable in their future jobs because they are now surrounded by things that have been with them since birth. Almost like a baby will like similar things to what their mother ate or listened to when they were in the womb. This connects with Rack 10 because in Rack 10 are the next generations chemical workers. They are being trained to tolerate lead, caustic soda, tar, and chlorine. Since they are being trained to tolerate these elements it is also becoming they are something that they are comfortable with. Because they are being trained to be comfortable with these things from before birth they are going to not only be able to tolerate these chemicals but will also automatically like what surrounds them.

Carr What is history?

Positivists- belong to cult of facts, saw history as a science, empirical strain of studying history

Empirical, common sense of history, concerned with facts. As soon as biases come through, it is not history, but it is opinion, reaction, perception is passive

Carr's View-active, not important if it is recorded, is only history when a fact is 'removed from the page' and interpreted

Carr's view basically expressed how facts are useless unless they are evaluated. Also he expresses how perecerption plays a major role in our ability to judge history and say what history is

Essay Question 7

“We see and understand things not as they are but as we are.” Discuss this claim in relation to at least two ways of knowing.

THESIS: Due to PERCEPTION, EMOTION, LANGUAGE, and REASON we as an individual view the world in our own distinct way. As humans we connect ourselves with certain groups, or as an outsider. How we are raised, the people we are around, and the environment surrounding us directly effects our views on the world whether or not we are conscious of it. We perceive everything that we see or hear or induce, because of this perception we are unable to see things directly as they are, but an automatically biased view based on past experience that formulates in our minds.

PERCERPTION/EMOTION:

Perception- Interpret sensations, reconstructive process

· Our senses grow less responsive to unchanging stimuli

· We are very sensitive to change

o What is the function of sensitivity to change?

· Deprivation (in an all white building)

o Many subjects felt edgy & grumpy

o Many left

o Is deprivation always bad?

· Selective attention

o Ability to focus on some environmental factors and block out others

Inattention blindness

‘Seeing As’

· Past experiences

· Knowledge by authority

· Innocent eye- doesn’t exist

· Past experiences

· You cant see or know it unless you’ve seen it before

· You perceive things as you have seen before.

Empiricism- Six senses, induction.

LANGUAGE/REASON:

Idea of tourists- ‘us’ and ‘the other’

· Someone we don’t know, they have to have something different than what you have seen or heard from ‘us’

o ‘us’=similarities

· Systems we create to keep ‘the other’ out. Neighboorhoods? Oppertunities?

· What would the system be revised?

Law over Irish Language-

o For:

§ Limits the language

§ Isolates it

§ Language is culture= no language no culture

§ We were here first, nationalistic implications

§ Lose the EMOTION connected to it

§ Tradition lost

o Against:

§ Descrimination, human rights implications

§ Melting pot

§ Preserving culture shouldn’t be forced by government, parents responcibility?

§ Language not equal to culture

Able- “through meanings requires words, they are not identical to words.” (pg. 68)

o To make meaning you need words, but not all words have meaning?

o Words are ambiguous but meaning doesn’t change

o Meaning is the interpretation not just letters

o Words use denotation, reference. But meaning deals with connotation (sense), emotions, and feelings.

o You need words to organize reality, although words are random

COUNTER CLAIM:

o The world understands everything as it is but makes the conscious decision if they may or may not agree with it.

§ Perception

§ People are not effected by outside influences if they do not want to be.

§ Blank slate idea?

§